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QR code text data formats

So I’ve been playing around with QR codes. I wanted to know how to generate different data that can be read by a phone. I found the following page that describes how to format the data using text only.
https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Barcode-Contents

Save space using all caps

QR codes have a special format for data that is in all caps and if you use it, the QR code will use less data. My understanding is that all you have to do to use it is to write the text in all caps (can include numbers and these symbols $, %, *, +, -, ., /, :, and space) and the QR code generator should automatically figure out how to represent it using less data. The downside is that some urls are case sensitive, so make sure to test the url before you print it.
Alphanumeric mode is for the decimal digits 0 through 9, as well as uppercase letters (not lowercase!), and the symbols $, %, *, +, -, ., /, and : as well as a space.” Source: https://www.thonky.com/qr-code-tutorial/data-analysis
Further reading here https://www.thonky.com/qr-code-tutorial/introduction

Finally a QR code that links to this page:

A QR-code that links to this page

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